|
| |
CODE OF GOOD AGRICULTURE
PRACTICE - LITHUANIA
GLOSSARY
 | Aftermath, after-grass
– a grass re-grown after cutting or grazing in the same vegetation period.
| Antibiotics –
is a matter produced by micro-organisms that selectively destroy development
of other micro-organisms. Antibiotics are usually used as a preventive
measure and as biologically active matter to stimulate animal (poultry)
growth.
| Aquifer –
an area where water is extracted for the purpose of supplying it to users.
| Artesian well
– is a drilled well for the extraction of water from deep aquifers. Wells
of this type are usually installed in majority of bigger settlements and
agricultural companies.
| Carrion – is
a body of dead animal.
| Rotation
– use of arable land when the land is divided to the fields of similar
size and fertility. Crops in these fields are changed according to an order
determined in advance. This order has to support economically optimal crop
structure and should not decrease soil fertility.
| Rotation
chain
– a part of the crop rotation scheme made of several crops that improve
and exhaust the soil.
| Rotation period
– time during which crops of one crop rotation field pass all fields.
| Rotation scheme –
rotation order of crops in a field for determined number of years.
| Drinking water –
fresh water extracted from natural sources or treated in such a way that
meets Lithuanian standard for drinking water.
| Well –
is a simple well designated for water extraction from shallow aquifers. Most
of rural inhabitants have installed dug wells.
| Duration of watering
– time for pouring of the required water amount for corresponding crop.
| Economic limit of damage –
a level of abundance of harmful organisms (pests, diseases and weeds) when
the use of plant protection means is economically reasonable.
| Entomophilous plants –
plants that need insects to pollinate them during blooming.
| Fodder of full value –
fodder having all nutrients needed for an animal (poultry).
| Hormonal preparation –
medical matter (e.g. cortisone, senestrol) acting similar to a natural
hormone.
| Infectious disease –
is a disease provoked by a specific pathogen (microbe, parasite) that had
got into an organism.
| Infrastructure –
a complex of sectors of economy that serve for the whole reproduction
process.
| Liquid manure
– fluid that separates from manure (animal urine and rainwater washed from
manure).
| Manhole for surface water
– is a land reclamation structure for letting water to flow down to the
drainage system. They are usually constructed in closed depressions where
the surface run-off is impossible.
| Manure
– animal faeces (urine) trampled down together with litter and remains of
fodder and water.
| Pesticides
– chemical preparative, having one or some active matters with specific
effect on harmful organisms. Pesticides are used for plant protection from
diseases, pests and weeds as well as for stimulation of plat growth.
| Phyto-sanitation state of crop field –
is a level of crop infection by plant diseases, pests or weeds.
| Protection means
– is chemical preparation or active biological matter or organisms
(bacteria, viruses, pests) used for protection of crops from various harmful
organisms.
| Protective strip of an aquifer –
is a land strip at a water body, rivulet or ditch where agricultural
activity is restricted by Lithuanian Government or its acting institution.
Width of the strip depends on slope steepness and importance of the water
body.
| Protective zone of an aquifer –
territory at a water body (lake, pond, river and ditch) where farming
activity is allowed only if special agronomic, engineering and other
measures are used that prevent the water body from pollution.
| Reproduction –
production technology when the process is renewed.
| Reservoir –
large vessel for storage of liquids or gas.
| Run-off volume –
water amount flowing down from a territory in a definite time (day, month,
year) and measured in cubic meters of water volume or mm of water level.
| Semi-solid manure - manure
that has 12-20 % of dry material. It can not be heaped up. It has to be
stored in manure storage until it is taken out to the fields. It may be with
litter or without it.
| Septic –
an element of wastewater treatment equipment assigned to stabilise
wastewater flow, to mineralise organic pollutants and to accumulate sludge.
| Silage
– juicy (55-80 %) and acid (pH 3.8-4.2) fodder, made of green mass (most
often of yearly and perennial grass and maize) during ensilage.
| Slurry –
manure that arises
in barns without bedding. It is a mixture of solid and liquid faeces of
animals. In old manure removal systems where water is used for washing out
of the faeces there the amount of dry matter in manure and its fertilisation
value depend on the amount of water. Slurry has less than 12 % of dry
matter. Such manure can be pumped, transported by pipes.
| Manure
– manure that has dry matter content of no less than 20%. Solid manure is
usually stored in deep barns with big amount of bedding material. It can be
piled up.
| Stress –
physical state of an animal arising under an effect of strong irritants.
Productivity and resistance for
diseases decrease during the stress.
| Surface run-off
– a water stream that appears after long rain or snow melting when soil is
fully saturated and excess of water starts to flow down on soil surface.
| Term of irrigation –
date when irrigation should start.
| Toxicity of preparative –
amount of preparative in milligrams per kilogram of trial fauna weight that
calls out killing of 50 % probability. The lower this index (LD50) is, the
more poisonous the preparative.
| Wastewater
– liquid waste produced by
households, agriculture or
industry and
also
surface
(rain) water collected by the
sewerage network.
| Watering system
– equipment for watering of agricultural crops. This equipment sprinkles
water through special tips and forms an artificial rain. Because of that
this system is called sprinkler system.
| European Union (EU)
– it is a union of 15 European states that has an aim to take common
political and economic decisions. The EU legislation has superiority against
national legislation in those sectors that are determined by the EU treaty.
Resolutions passed by the EU directly obligate citizens of the Member States
to execute them. The main principles of the EU treaty are the following:
justice, solidarity of the Member States, equality of nations and mutual
aid. One of the main factors giving an incentive to enter EU is substantial
subsidies for farmers and big import duties that restrict import of cheaper
agricultural products to EU states.
| Nitrate Directive
– it is a measure of the European Union (EU) that has to be incorporated
into the national legislation by all states that are EU members or are
willing to enter the EU. Taking national constitution into consideration the
states themselves decide in which way the directives are adopted. Citizens
and organisations that carry out the directive not in time or not in the
right way are responsible to national court.
| HELCOM
– the Baltic Marine Environment Protection Commission or the Helsinki
Commission is the international management body formed to put into practice
regulations of the Convention on the Protection of the Marine Environment of
the Baltic Sea Area. All the states of the Baltic Sea Basin (Denmark,
Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia and Sweden) and
the European Economic Community signed the convention in 1992.
| HELCOM
recommendations – decisions adopted by the Helsinki Commission
unanimously. These decisions are recommendations for all states that have
signed the Convention to improve their legislation so that the Commission
decisions would be carried out. |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|
